What are the potential side effects of gentamicin?

Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that is well-known for its effectiveness against various gram-negative bacteria. However, its use is associated with specific side effects that are particularly significant for healthcare providers to monitor.

The most notable potential side effects of gentamicin include nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Nephrotoxicity refers to kidney damage, which can result from elevated levels of the drug that accumulate in the kidneys. This can be critical because it may lead to acute kidney injury, especially in patients who are already at risk (such as those with pre-existing kidney disease or those on other nephrotoxic medications). Regular monitoring of kidney function is necessary during gentamicin treatment.

Ototoxicity involves damage to the auditory and vestibular components of the inner ear, leading to hearing loss and balance issues. This risk is particularly concerning because, unlike nephrotoxicity, ototoxic effects can be irreversible. The risk of ototoxicity can be exacerbated by prolonged use, high doses, or concurrent use of other ototoxic drugs.

Understanding these specific side effects is crucial for patient safety and for optimizing antibiotic therapy.