NBME Form 31 Practice Test

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• In which condition will the left renal vein be compressed?
• Which nerve is affected in tennis elbow tendinopathy?
• Which medication is most closely associated with inhibiting microtubule synthesis?
• A defect in a glycolytic enzyme of red blood cells is generally refers to which enzyme?
• In alcoholic patients, hypoglycemia is primarily linked to changes in which aspect of hepatic metabolism?
• What syndrome is characterized by weak upper extremity pulses, fever, night sweats, arthritis, myalgias, skin nodules, and ocular disturbances in females under 40 years old?
• In Duchenne muscular dystrophy, where is the dystrophin protein primarily accumulated?
• What is a characteristic finding in cases of perforated ulcers?
• In which condition would you see fibrinoid necrotizing arteritis?
• What effect does atropine have on the heart rate?
• How many calories are equivalent to one pound of body weight?
• What type of structure do vacuoles represent in cells?
• What type of cells predominantly make up lung abscesses?
• Where is the left atrium located in relation to the coronary sinus?
• How does 3rd degree AV block differ from 2nd degree AV block?
• Meckel's diverticulum is an outpouching of which part of the intestine?
• Pain from calculus at the ureterovesical junction typically radiates to which area?
• What is the primary condition associated with hepatolenticular degeneration?
• What is the site of dysfunction in glycogen storage disease, type I?
• Peroxisomes are involved in which of the following conditions?
• What is the mechanism of action of clomiphene in treating infertility?
• What physiological state results in impaired neurotransmitter release at the NMJ in Eaton-Lambert syndrome?
• Which structure do sclerotomes primarily develop into?
• In a patient with Pectus Excavatum associated with Marfan syndrome, which heart murmur is most likely present?
• What is the mechanism of action of ursodiol?
• What does glycosylation refer to in a biological context?
• Which neurotransmitter is primarily affected by MAOIs by their mechanism of action?
• Which tract carries the majority of input to the internal capsule?
• A child with Group A strep infection is suspected to have rheumatic fever and develops involuntary movements. What is the likely diagnosis?
• What are the types of germ cell tumors found in the ovaries?
• What could potentially exacerbate the side effects of theophylline according to its interactions?
• Which muscle group is directly influenced by myotomes?
• What process is defective in glycogen storage diseases affecting glycogenolysis?
• Which part of the colon does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?
• Which type of stone is most commonly associated with urinary tract calculi?
• What is the role of the celiac trunk?
• Theophylline is a substrate for which enzyme system that can cause worsening side effects when combined with certain drugs?
• What is primarily impaired in Eaton-Lambert syndrome?
• What is the most common cause of hypoxemia in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS)?
• In a patient with a history of coal mining who presents with cancer, what type of lesion is most likely found?
• What type of vasculitis is characterized by immune complex-mediated leukocytoclastic vasculitis appearing 7-10 days after medication exposure?
• What type of finding is typically associated with silicosis in lung pathology?
• Which feature characterizes methadone compared to other opioids?
• Pleotropy is defined as which of the following?
• What syndrome is associated with a deficiency in GpIIb/IIIa?
• Damage to which area of the brain would result in weakness of the left arm and leg?
• What is a consequence of prolyl 4-hydroxylase deficiency?
• Where are MHC-I molecules, like HLA-A and HLA-B, predominantly located within the cell?
• What is another name for the pituitary gland?
• Tamoxifen is used to treat which of the following conditions?
• How does efferent arteriole dilation affect proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) reabsorption, renal oxygen consumption, and filtration fraction?
• What is the effect of phenylephrine on heart function?
• Where is the most common site for bile duct obstruction?
• Where should cannulation to the left maxillary sinus be placed?
• What type of renal pathology could result following a myocardial infarction?
• Which test is commonly used to diagnose tuberculosis besides sputum tests?
• What is the primary function of microtubule spindle inhibitors like paclitaxel?
• What is the most common type of primary ovarian tumor?
• What is the major result of alpha-1 antagonist administration?
• Which group of symptoms is indicative of pyelonephritis?
• Leukotriene receptor antagonists are commonly indicated for which condition?
• What testicular tumor should be suspected in a male with elevated AFP levels?
• Which of the following drugs is a known substrate of the CYP450 enzyme system?
• What type of drugs are classified as mitochondrial inhibitors and operate specifically in the Electron Transport Chain?
• What cardiovascular effect does prazosin have?
• What is a common pathophysiological feature of ARDS?
• What is a consequence of reduced cerebral blood flow?
• The cytosol is the primary site for the degradation of which type of cellular component?
• What causes hyperacute transplant rejection?
• Which of the following drugs works in the cytosol?
• Which condition would most likely result in an increased sensitivity to sound?
• How does Flucytosine affect cellular processes?
• When a patient with COPD or asthma on albuterol requires an additional medication, which drug is typically prescribed?
• What is the primary function of MAO inhibitors (MAOIs)?
• What key process occurs in the nucleus of a cell?
• All G-protein coupled receptor drugs function at which part of the cell?
• What type of error involves incorrectly concluding a treatment effect exists when it does not?
• What structure is formed when the external jugular vein drains into the subclavian vein?
• In which region of the humerus do the brachial artery and median nerve pass?
• Which malignancies are commonly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)?
• What physiological function is induced in E. coli following glucose depletion?
• Which type of sex cord tumor is associated with estrogen production?
• In aortic dissection, which arteries are most likely to be damaged first?
• CYP450 enzymes play a crucial role in the metabolism of which class of drugs?
• Which symptoms are commonly associated with Wilson's disease?
• Which type of testicular germ cell tumor is known as the most common?
• Which glycogen storage disease specifically affects glycogenesis?
• What condition is characterized by a deficiency in ADAMTS13 leading to decreased degradation of von Willebrand factor (vWF)?
• Which ganglia are primarily responsible for innervating the gut and lower esophageal sphincter?
• In which organ does the urea cycle primarily occur?
• In the context of renal physiology, what effect does dilating the efferent arteriole have on the filtration fraction?
• What is a common diagnosis for left-sided chest pain related to myocardial infarction?
• What neurological symptom is characteristic of Syndenham chorea?
• What mechanism does paclitaxel employ to decrease the incidence of restenosis in a stent?
• What respiratory maneuver can increase pain in cholelithiasis (gallstones)?
• Which of the following is a common clinical sign of Wilson's disease?
• What is the recommended treatment for triglycerides above 500?
• What is the time frame for results from a tuberculin skin test?
• What cardiovascular effect does atropine typically have?
• Sclerotomes contribute to the formation of what structures in the body?
• Decreased dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and 5-alpha reductase activity are indicative of hypoplasia in which organ?
• What is the characteristic deformity known as Swan neck deformity associated with?
• What can a severe cough lead to as a result of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?
• The severity and manifestations of symptoms in a single genetic disease across individuals can be explained by which concept?
• High levels of urea in the bloodstream indicate dysfunction in which organ's metabolic processes?
• Which anatomical structure is anterior to the pancreas?
• Broca's area is primarily located in which lobe of the brain?
• What area does the superior mesenteric artery supply?
• What structure is associated with the insertion of the biceps brachii tendon?
• What type of lung disease is related to exposure to crystalline silica dust?
• What does a-amanitin from the death cap mushroom inhibit?
• What are the positions associated with the Swan neck deformity?
• Wernicke's area, associated with language comprehension, is found in which lobe?
• In post-stroke thalamic pain syndrome, the pain is typically?
• A skin lesion that is pearly, dome-shaped, with central ulceration and telangiectasia is most likely what type of carcinoma?
• What process involves the formation of isolation membranes in the cell?
• Flask-shaped ulcers in the colon are characteristic of which organism?
• What mechanism of resistance is associated with nafcillin?
• Raloxifene is indicated in the treatment of which conditions?
• During inflammation, the rapid increase in neutrophils occurs due to their release from which location?
• What does 'strength of association' refer to in epidemiological studies?
• Which drug is known for its ability to inhibit NMDA receptors?
• What is the primary difference between Type 1 and Type 2 errors in hypothesis testing?
• What is the primary mechanism involved in autophagy?
• What condition is characterized by very long fatty acid chain deficiency?
• Myotomes are associated with which of the following?
• What is an effective medication to increase heart rate in a patient post-myocardial infarction with bradycardia?
• Which colon is most commonly associated with diverticulosis?
• A patient presents with substernal chest pain that worsens while lying down but improves when leaning forward. What is the likely diagnosis?
• What type of drugs can lead to no effect of theophylline due to their interaction with CYP450?
• What cellular process do glycogen storage diseases affect besides glycogenesis?
• Warfarin is primarily processed by which metabolic pathway in the liver?
• Which of the following is NOT a side effect associated with gentamicin?
• What is another name for organophosphates commonly used in pesticides?
• A boy presents with a red rash on the upper thigh with scaling margins and KOH scraping shows hyphae. What is the likely diagnosis?
• What pathway is affected in VLCFA deficiency that leads to the absence of ketones?
• What effect does bradycardia have on cardiac output in a post-MI patient?
• Polycystic kidney disease is also commonly associated with which organ?
• Fibromuscular dysplasia, characterized by a periumbilical bruit, typically shows what on angiography?
• What is the mechanism of action of ivermectin?
• Which of the following is formed by syndetomes?
• Acute tubular necrosis primarily results from which type of injury?
• What is the underlying cause of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)?
• In the context of tachycardia, how does it affect the duration of diastole and ventricular filling time?
• What is a key characteristic of the ECG in a patient with atrial fibrillation?
• When air is present under the diaphragm, what does it suggest regarding a perforated ulcer?
• Which of the following can cause reflex tachycardia?
• Which histological finding is associated with Takayasu Arteritis?
• What type of molecule is the primary target of steroid hormones within the cell?
• What common finding is associated with Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS)?
• In nephrotic syndrome, which serum protein is commonly decreased?
• What type of pain is associated with golfer's elbow?
• Zileuton primarily acts in which part of the cell?
• What is a widespread common cause of anemia in the developing world?
• Which types of epithelial ovarian tumors are most common?
• What tumor marker is associated with gastrointestinal tumors?
• Which antibodies are associated with dermatomyositis?
• What is typically impacted in a patient with hypertension in relation to the heart?
• How long does it typically take to get results from an acid-fast sputum test for tuberculosis?
• What occurs as a result of increased cerebral blood flow?
• Clomiphene is primarily administered for which condition?
• What type of brain hemorrhage is associated with severe hypertension and Alzheimer's disease?
• What effect does increasing annual temperatures typically have on testicular function?
• Leukotriene receptor inhibitors primarily function by blocking which type of receptor?
• What is the mechanism of action of methadone?
• A diabetic patient shows weakness specifically in the abduction of the left eye. What condition could this indicate?
• Steroid hormones typically act on which type of receptor?
• In a patient with a history of renal stones, what should be monitored to assess their condition?
• MHC-II molecules, such as HLA-DR, are primarily found in which cellular compartment?
• Which enzyme is responsible for the function of complex 2 in the Electron Transport Chain?
• What is the primary cause of small renal vessel occlusion in Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)?
• What do dermatomes primarily correspond to?
• What is the primary significance of the thyroid pyramidal lobe?
• What type of malignancy is Burkitt's lymphoma?
• Golfer's elbow tendinopathy causes pain near which anatomical landmark?
• What does variable expressivity refer to in genetic conditions?
• What is the distinguishing characteristic of dysgerminoma?
• What does 'temporal sequence of events' pertain to in research?
• What are vacuoles?
• What enzyme's function is decreased due to vitamin C deficiency in a patient whose diet consists only of crackers?
• Which anatomical landmark is associated with an increased risk of developing actinic keratosis?
• What is the characteristic effect of an alpha-1 agonist on heart rate?
• In sarcoidosis, what causes increased levels of calcium and phosphate?
• If actinic keratosis is not treated, it can progress into which type of cancer?
• What is the primary consequence of sympathomimetic drug use affecting heart function?
• Pain radiating to the upper quadrant of the abdomen can be caused by which conditions?
• What condition is characterized by a complete heart block?
• What characteristic imaging finding is associated with fibromuscular dysplasia?
• Which condition's pain may worsen with deep inspiration?
• Diverticula most commonly occur in which region of the colon?
• Frameshift mutations are commonly seen in which of the following conditions?
• What structure does bronchial circulation supply blood to, providing nutrients and oxygen?
• Which of the following is a common symptom associated with cholecystitis?
• What substance do hepatocytes metabolize nitrogenous waste into?
• Which mutation type is observed in beta-thalassemia?
• What is the first-line imaging technique to evaluate patients with suspected renal colic?
• When should omega-3 fatty acids (linolenic acid) be administered?
• What is meant by the term 'dose-dependent' in pharmacology?
• Which structure is found between the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and the abdominal aorta?
• What is the mechanism of action for ipratropium?
• What is the mechanism of action of naloxone?
• What is the characteristic finding in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?
• What is a major consequence of hyperacute transplant rejection?
• What type of lesion is considered a precursor to squamous cell carcinoma?
• Which of the following conditions can result in increased temperature within the scrotum?
• What is the most common cause of left ventricular muscle thickening?
• A deficiency in surfactant, made of phospholipids, is associated with which condition?
• Which drug enhances the effect of prazosin?
• Facial nerve damage is most likely to result in which condition?
• Which lymph nodes do the larynx drain into?
• What type of error occurs when a treatment effect truly exists, but fails to be detected?
• What occurs in the lung parenchyma during acute exacerbations of asthma?
• What condition is characterized by the classic triad of encephalopathy, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia?
• Which class of drugs targets estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus for the treatment of infertility?
• What are the potential side effects of gentamicin?
• A rounded lesion containing air-fluid levels in the lung is indicative of what condition?
• In research studies, what does a strong consistency of findings indicate?
• What is the correct order of major branches of the abdominal aorta?
• Which renal disease in adults commonly follows a respiratory infection?
• Costovertebral angle pain is a classic clue for which condition?
• What is the mechanism of action of albendazole and mebendazole?
• Microtubule inhibitors, referred to as GyM CaViTy drugs, primarily work in which cellular location?
• Which amino acid is primarily involved in the cross-linking of collagen?
• What constitutes a major effect of pleiotropy in genetic disorders?
• What condition does hemoglobinopathy primarily refer to?
• What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of propofol?
• Where does tennis elbow tendinopathy cause pain?
• A patient with a mass blocking the right upper lobe will have blood returning to the heart via which veins?
• During bradycardia, how does it affect the duration of diastole and ventricular filling time?
• A male presenting with a 5-year history of infertility and low sperm count is found to have bilateral conditions increasing scrotal temperature. What is the most likely diagnosis?