What area does the superior mesenteric artery supply?

The superior mesenteric artery is a crucial vessel that primarily supplies the midgut structures, which include parts of the gastrointestinal tract that are essential for digestion and nutrient absorption. Specifically, it branches off to supply blood to the distal part of the duodenum, the entire jejunum and ileum, the cecum, the appendix, the ascending colon, and most of the transverse colon.

This arterial supply is vital because these regions are responsible for the absorption of nutrients and water during digestion. The midgut begins at the duodenum and extends through to the proximal two-thirds of the transverse colon. Thus, the answer accurately reflects the anatomical territory supplied by the superior mesenteric artery.