What can a severe cough lead to as a result of increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?

A severe cough can lead to increased intracranial pressure (ICP), which may result in reduced cardiac output. When ICP rises significantly, it can induce a physiological response that compromises cerebral perfusion and overall cardiovascular stability. The body may respond to the increased pressure by altering systemic circulation, which can decrease cardiac output.

Increased ICP can stimulate various mechanisms in the body, including the activation of the vagus nerve, which can lead to bradycardia and hypotension. Reduced cardiac output is a suitable response in this context, as the heart may struggle to maintain adequate blood flow due to the pressures exerted by the elevated ICP.

The other options, such as increased cerebral blood flow, increased oxygen levels, and enhanced mental alertness, are contrary to the expected physiological responses associated with significantly increased ICP. Therefore, reduced cardiac output is the most coherent outcome associated with the scenario described.