What is the mechanism of action of clomiphene in treating infertility?

Clomiphene is primarily used as a treatment for infertility, particularly in cases associated with anovulation. Its mechanism of action involves the interaction with estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus. By blocking the inhibitory feedback that estrogen has on the pituitary gland, clomiphene leads to an increase in the secretion of gonadotropins, specifically follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). This increase stimulates ovarian follicle development and ovulation.

This action is critical because, under normal physiological conditions, high levels of estrogen exert a negative feedback effect on the anterior pituitary, suppressing the secretion of FSH and LH. By antagonizing this feedback, clomiphene effectively raises the levels of these hormones, promoting the development of ovarian follicles and subsequently ovulation.

Thus, the correct answer highlights clomiphene's role in modulating hormonal signals that facilitate ovulation through disruption of normal estrogen feedback mechanisms.