Which class of drugs targets estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus for the treatment of infertility?

Clomiphene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that specifically targets estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus. Its mechanism of action involves blocking these receptors, which disrupts the normal negative feedback mechanism of estrogen on the hypothalamus. This leads to increased secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which in turn stimulates the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary. This cascade promotes ovarian follicle development and ovulation, making clomiphene an effective treatment for certain types of infertility, particularly in women with ovulatory disorders.

The focus on the hypothalamus highlights clomiphene's role in modulating hormonal signaling and its impact on reproductive physiology, making it a critical medication for those experiencing infertility related to problems with hormonal regulation.